Democracy and Party Politics in Pakistan: A Historical Perspective (1947-1977)

Abstract

This research paper explores the historical evolution and in-depth analysis of the emergence and development of different political parties and factions in Pakistan from 1947 to 1977. This period is marked by significant political crisis, instability, social change, and a quest for democratic governance. The All India Muslim League, the largest Muslim party, which became the Pakistan Muslim League after the creation of Pakistan, played a crucial role in the independence and after the independence of Pakistan. Following the independence, the political landscape of Pakistan is characterized by a single major political party and some small political parties. However, this mass political party grappled with issues of identity, personality clashes, leadership crisis, political instability, structural imbalance, and governance issues, which resulted in the creation of so many small factions and political parties, which further increased political crisis and mass confusion. This paper systematically examines the political turmoil and military takeover in 1958 and 1969. The emergence of all political parties, including the Pakistan People's Party, which became a populist political party in the 1970 election, and then the emergence of challenges in the political landscape of Pakistan, resulted in a military coup in 1977. Through a detailed analysis of electoral politics, political structure, and party leaders. By starting the emergence of political parties, this paper aims to offer valuable insights into the foundational dynamics that continue to shape the country’s party system and political discourse.