Socio-Cultural Constraints and Gender Equality: Challenges to Achieving SDG 5 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract

Abstract

Gender equality remains an important principle of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, especially SDG 5, which seeks to eradicate discrimination and empower women in all fields of life. Nevertheless, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, deeply ingrained patriarchal traditions,socio-cultural norms, and structural inequalities continue to bound women’s access to education, employment, and political involvement. These restrictions not only weaken women’s agency but also obstruct inclusive and sustainable development.  The study aims to identify and examine the significant socio-cultural factors that confine women’s empowerment and equal engagement in social, economic, and political spheres; and also to evaluate the extent to which these restriction impede progress toward achieving SDG 5 targets at the provincial level. The research adopts a qualitative approach by analying government policies documents, progress reports on SDG, and gender-related legislation, supported by secondary data from national and international development organizations. A thematic analysis framework is used in order to analyze form of exclusion, institutional reaction, and gaps between policy obligations and social dynamics. The importance of this study lies in its endeavor to the political and policy discourse on gender equality by identifying cultural and structural barriers to SDG implementation. It renders evidence-based insights for  academic scholars, policymakers, and development practitioners to formulate culturally sensitive and locally adapted strategies intended to advance women’s empowerment and promoting sustainable and equitable development in the Khyber Pukhtunkhwa province.